The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of reference values that encompass a safe range of intake and provide recommended nutrient intakes for the United States and Canada. The DRIs for energy are used widely to provide guidance for maintaining energy balance on both an individual and group level. U.S. and Canadian governments asked the National Academies to convene an expert committee to examine available evidence and provide updated Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs) for their populations. The resulting report presents EER equations that provide a baseline for dietary planners and assessors who are estimating energy needs and monitoring energy balance to enhance the general health of individuals and populations. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Overview of the DRI Process3 Methodological Approach to Gathering Evidence4 Factors Affecting Energy Expenditure and Requirements5 Development of Prediction Equations for Estimated Energy Requirements6 Assessing Energy Intakes, Physical Activity, and Indicators of Overweight and Obesity7 Applications of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy8 Risk Characterization and Public Health Implications9 Research RecommendationsAppendix A: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix B: Committee Member BiographiesAppendix C: Open-Session AgendasAppendix D: Literature Search Strategies and ResultsAppendix E: Key Questions and Eligibility CriteriaAppendix F: AMSTAR 2 ToolAppendix G: Data Analysis ReportAppendix H: Characteristics of the DLW DatabaseAppendix I: Characteristics of the DLW Validation StudiesAppendix J: Summary of Data Extracted from Systematic Reviews and Other Reviewed LiteratureAppendix K: Interview Processes Used in National SurveysAppendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and CanadaAppendix M: Estimated Energy Requirements by Body Weight Status