This title offers a profound exploration of one of the world's oldest civilizations and its pivotal role in shaping global history and modern international relations. This volume, part of a series aimed at fostering mutual understanding among Allied nations during and after World War II, provides a comprehensive and realistic account of China's cultural evolution, societal institutions, and historical milestones. Drawing on contributions from distinguished scholars, the book delves into China's religious and secular thought systems, artistic achievements, economic progress, and political dynamics, offering insights that resonate with both its ancient heritage and its position in the 20th-century global order. Focusing on objective analysis over sentimentality, the book highlights China's resilience and adaptability amid internal and external challenges. It underscores the importance of understanding China's rich historical context to appreciate its contemporary developments. This volume not only serves as an invaluable resource for those seeking to deepen their knowledge of China but also embodies the spirit of international cooperation, aiming to enhance postwar collaboration and foster a more harmonious global community. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1946.