The book encompasses a total of 26 chapters, with the initial ten chapters discussing traditional agroforestry systems that are prevalent in various regions across the country. These include homegardens, which exhibit a multistrata structure and are typically found in the northeastern and southern regions. The subsequent chapters, from 11 to 14, explore contemporary agroforestry models and the mechanisms of competition within agroforestry systems. Chapters 15 to 19 delve into the nutrient cycling and natural resource conservation aspects of agroforestry systems. In this context, trees assume both protective and productive roles. The tree canopies shield the soil from rain and wind erosion, while the fine roots bind the soil particles together, thereby safeguarding them from erosion. Additionally, trees recycle leaf and root litter, as well as nutrients, making the system at least semi-sustainable. Certain agroforestry models, like shelterbelt and windbreaks, are known to offer protection against dust and sand dunes. Moreover, models like medicinal plant-based systems contribute to the provision of medicinal and other high-value crops. These service-oriented functions of agroforestry are elaborated upon in chapters 20 to 23. Tree improvement is a critical aspect of agroforestry research, and it aids in the development of superior trees for different agroforestry models. The multiplication of propagules and planting materials are equally essential for the expansion of agroforestry. Chapters 24 and 25 provide insights into these aspects. However, agroforestry systems necessitate numerous additional parameters due to their perennial nature. The final chapter discusses economic parameters such as NPV, IRR, annuity, and sensitivity in great detail.