Intellectuals, Universities, and the State in Western Modern Societies

Intellectuals, Universities, and the State in Western Modern Societies explores the evolving role of intellectuals within the frameworks of universities and states in contemporary Western societies. Starting with historical references, the book traces debates about intellectuals from the French Revolution to modern theoretical discussions, highlighting key figures like Antonio Gramsci, Robert Michels, and Alvin Gouldner. Through these intellectual foundations, the volume examines the relationships between intellectuals and broader societal structures, emphasizing their cultural and economic power. Topics include the "new class" theory, cultural capital, professionalization, and the sociopolitical dynamics of intellectual labor. The essays argue that intellectuals have transitioned from traditional roles to influential agents within bureaucratic and educational institutions, shaping public discourse and governance. The collection is divided between theoretical analyses and historical-empirical case studies. Contributors critique and expand upon Gouldner's concepts, explore professionalization in Sweden, and analyze intellectual involvement in labor movements and socialist causes. Empirical research, such as longitudinal studies of Finnish students, enriches the discussion by linking intellectual roles to structural and cultural dynamics. The volume concludes with reflections on the interdisciplinary debates at the conference that inspired these essays. Together, the contributions illuminate the centrality of intellectuals in defining modern social, cultural, and political frameworks while addressing gaps in research about their evolving influence in postindustrial contexts. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1987.